C Words
covenant marriage
(noun) A marriage in which people legally agree to obtain counseling and accept limited grounds for divorce before wedding.
credential inflation
(noun) The tendency to require ever-increasing, often unnecessary, levels of education or qualifications (e.g., certificates, degrees, and diplomas) for a specific job.
credential society
(noun) A society that views credentials (e.g., certificates, degrees, and diplomas) as essential for employment in certain jobs, serving as evidence of the ability to perform specialized tasks.
credentialism
1. (noun) The insistence and overemphasis on academic or educational qualifications (e.g., certificates, degrees, and diplomas) as evidence of an individual’s qualification in hiring people for a job and for promotion; 2. (noun) The assumption of social superiority and inferiority based on educational attainment, serving as an indicator of status and class advantage.
criminal justice system
(noun) A collection of institutions taken together (police, judiciary, corrections), which create and enforce law.
criminology
(noun) The study of the causes and control of criminal behavior in society.
critical realism (CR)
(noun) A theory contending things are real if they produce effects.
cross-sectional analysis
(noun) The analysis of data collected from a single moment in time.
cross-sectional data
(noun) Data gathered at a specific moment or a “snap shot” in time.
cult
1. (noun) A relatively small group that excessively controls its members, whom share set of acts and practices which require unwavering devotion, and are considered deviant (outside the norms of society), and typically led by a charismatic and often self-appointed leader; 2. (noun) A individual, group, or object with a relatively small, but devoted fan-base and supporters.
cultural capital
(noun) The distinctions that develop between individuals and groups due to differences in access to education, family background, occupation, and wealth, giving them advantages and serving as a signifier of an individual’s status within a group or society.
cultural contact
(noun) The occurrence of two or more cultures coming into contact with each through conquest, immigration, mass media, trade, or travel.
cultural diffusion
(noun) The transmission of cultural aspects (e.g., art, language, norms) from one location to another.
cultural ecology
(noun) The study of how groups of people interact with and adapt to their environment.