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conspicuous consumption

(noun) Buying, displaying, and consuming expensive luxury goods or services to flaunt one’s superior wealth and status in society.

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constant

(noun) A characteristic or value that does not change across an observation.

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constitutional monarchy

(noun) A monarchical government in which the ruler’s power is limited by a constitution or other legal restraints.

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content analysis

(noun) Systematic analysis of forms of communication to identify and study patterns and themes.

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contest

(noun) Settling a dispute by participants engaging in a mutual challenge.

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contested illness

(noun) An illness that is questioned or disputed by members of the medical field.

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continuer

(noun) In conversational analysis or interviewing, a verbal or non-verbal cue that signals to a listener that what they have said has been heard and they should continue.

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continuity theory

(noun) Theory asserting that middle-aged and older people adapt their lives to maintain the same activities, social relationships, and ways of thinking (e.g., beliefs, values) as they age.

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continuum

(noun) Range, series, or spectrum that gradually changes, in which no adjacent part is clearly distinct from the next but with distinctly defined extremes.

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contraception

(noun) Any act or device used to control or prevent conception.

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control group

(noun) In an experiment, the subjects not exposed to the independent variable to ensure the validity of the results.

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core nations

(noun) In world systems theory, a powerful industrial nation that dominates the global economic and political system.

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cornucopian theory

(noun) Theory asserting environmental problems caused by a growing global population will be solved by human ingenuity and technological innovation.

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corrections system

(noun) System that supervises individuals who have been accused, arrested, or convicted of crimes.

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correlation

1. (noun) In statistical analysis, a broad term describing how a change in one variable is associated with a similar pattern of variation in another variable across cases in a data set; 2. (noun) A standardized indicator of covariance.

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correlation coefficient

(noun) In statistical analysis, a standardized measure of the covariance between two variables expressed between -1 and +1. The sign of the coefficient indicates the direction of the relationship while the magnitude is indicated by the value of the coefficient with 0 indicating absolutely no correlation and a value of ±1 indicating perfect correlation.

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cosmology

1. (noun) The study of the origin and nature of the universe; 2. (noun) A set of beliefs that defines the origin and nature of the universe; 3. (noun) A comprehensive theory of the origin, composition, dynamics, evolution, and structure of the universe as a system.

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counterculture

(noun) A culture within a larger culture that deliberately challenges or rejects the dominant culture’s behaviors, beliefs, lifestyle, norms, and values.

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court

(noun) A formal institution that has the power to make decisions (judgments) based on law and the coercive power of authority to enforce those decisions.