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ascribed status

(noun) A status assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life, often based on biological factors, that cannot be changed through individual effort or achievement.

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asexuality

(noun) Lacking or having minimal sexual attraction, desire, or interest towards others.

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assembling perspective

(noun) The theory that individuals in crowds engage in collective action through purposeful behavior as rational thinkers.

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assimilation

(noun) The process of members in a subordinate group adopting aspects of a dominant group.

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association

(noun) In statistical analysis, the degree to which two or more variables are related.

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asymmetrical exchange

(noun) A marriage system in which the males from one group cannot marry the females of second group and must marry the females from a third group.

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asymmetry hypothesis

(noun) An hypothesis arguing a woman’s class status is determined by the occupation of her husband.

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atheism

(noun) A lack of belief in the existence of deities or supernatural forces.

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attribute

(noun) Any characteristic or quality of an individual or group.

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attrition

(noun) In a study, a decrease in participation by research participants.

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aunt

(noun) A sister or sister-in-law of an individual’s parent; a wife of an individual’s uncle.

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authoritarian leadership

(noun) A leadership style in which a leader takes charge of all decisions, issues orders, and assigns tasks without consulting the group’s members.

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authoritarianism

(noun) A type of government that maintains near absolute control typically by force, showing little concern for public opinion, and governed by a single individual, group, or class.

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autocracy

1. (noun) A political system governed by an individual (called an autocrat) with absolute and unrestricted authority and power; despotism; 2. (noun) The unrestricted authority and power of an autocrat; 3. (noun) A country, nation, or State ruled by an autocrat.

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automation

(noun) The act or process of replacing human workers with machines so that tasks can be performed automatically.