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race

(noun) A socially created and poorly defined categorization of people into groups on basis of real or perceived physical characteristics.

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racial steering

(noun) When real estate agents guide home buyers away from or towards certain neighborhoods on the basis of race and ethnicity.

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racism

(noun) Any attitude, belief, or behavior used to explain and justify prejudice and discrimination against racial or ethnic minorities, on the basis of perceived inferiority.

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ramage

(noun) A group created through bilateral descent.

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random sample

(noun) A sample that ensures that every member of a population has an equal chance of inclusion.

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rank society

(noun) A society that limits access to prestige but not to resources.

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rate

(noun) A quantity measured in proportion to another quantity.

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rationalization

(noun) A long-term process whereby beliefs based on morality or superstition are replaced by rules and procedures based on logic and efficiency.

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real culture

(noun) The standards and values a society actually has, instead of pretends or tries to have.

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recidivism

(noun) Returning to criminal behavior, particularly after incarceration.

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reciprocal exchange

(noun) The nonmarket transfer of goods or services between two or more people based on role-determined obligations.

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redistribution

(noun) The transfer of goods or services between people and groups to a central authority for allocation.

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redistribution of wealth

(noun) The transfer of income, property, or wealth from one individual or group to another individual or group.

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reductionism

1. (noun) The principle that the whole can be best understood by examining its parts; 2. (noun) Reducing the complex into fundamental parts for analysis.

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reference group

(noun) A group to which an individual is compared or compares themselves.

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refugee

1. (noun) A person that flees a country out of fear for their safety either for economic or political reasons or due to a natural disaster; 2. (noun) A person granted or seeking asylum in a country other than their own.